Tellurian.



No. 634,608. Y Patented-oct. lo, 1899.

' c. A. BowsHEn.

TELLUBIAN.

. (Application led Nov., 12, 1898.l (No Model.) 2 Sheena-Sheet 2.

.Alli

E ammo o. rms.. wAsvuun c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

COLUMBUS A. BOWSIIER, OF'CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.

634,608, dated october io, 1899.

Application tiled November 12, 1898. Serial No. 696,237. (No model.)

new and useful Improvements in Telluriansg.

and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.`

This invention relates to improvements in that class of educational apparatus known as tellurians, and refers more specifically to that class of tellurians which is designed to represent the yearly and diurnal movements of the earth, and illustrates the varying eiects of heat, cold, daylight, and darkness resulting therefrom and producing the changes of seasons and the alternations of day and'night.l S0 far as the features of this portion of the invention are concerned they are generally similar to that shown in my prior patent, No. 548,798, granted to me on the 29th day of October, 1895. i

The invention also relates as a further and distinct improvement to the application to a tellurian of this character of an outer shell or frame which envelope the globe represent: ing the earth, said outershell or frame being designed to represent the celestial sphere or lines corresponding to the celestial meridians ,and parallels bywhich the celestial latitudes and longitudes are determined and may be provided with marks or characters indicating the principal constellations ofthe celestial Said outer or enveloping shell or sphere. frame may be made of any suitable transparent material upon which the lines of' one or more systems of coordinates may be inscribed, either temporarily or permanently, or may be made of -reticulated framework, the members of which correspond with one or more systems of coordinates, so that the relative radial positions of constellations to the terrestrial or inner globe may be determined at a glance. Said outer shell will preferably be mechanically connected with the means by which the inner globe is rotated and revolved, so that `in the organized apparatus the accurate relative positions of said globe and shell may be .in aintained.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure I isa side elevation of a tellurian constructed in accordance with my invention,l a portion of the outer shell being broken away. Fig. 2 is a view of vthe globe 'and shell from a position at right angles to the point of view of Fig. l, a portion of the outer shell being broken away to more clearly show the arrangement of the par-ts. Fig. 3 is a detail section showing the manner of securing the outer shell in position and the means for connecting it with the motive power. Fig. et is a detail plan view of the frame by which theouter shell is held in position. onthe line dof-Fig. 2. Fig. is a sectional detail taken on line 6 dof Fig. l.

In said drawings, A designates a horizontal bar or beam, and B designates as a whole a vertical su pporting-standard upon which said beam A is mounted to rotate in a horizontal plane. Q v

C designates a globe which is mounted upon one end of the beam A and representing the earth. l Y

E designates a motor-casing which is mounted ontheend of the beam'A opposite the globe C and within which a suitable motor is placed.

The standard B consists of an outer tube B' and an inner shaft B2. Upon the upper end of the tubular part B' of the supportingstandard is mounted a ixed sprocket-wheel F, said wheel being slipped over the shaft B2 and fixed thereto by means of a set-screw, as shown in Fig. 6. The beam A is provided between its ends with a bearing', which consists of a depending hub A', which is supported by the hub of the xed sprocket F.

YPreferably anl antifriction-bearing will be interposed between said parts. As herein shown, a steel disk F' is slipped over the shaft B2 and rests on the hub of the wheel-F, and the adjacent faces of said disk and the hub A are oppositely grooved to provide a ballrace, within placed. Desirably a collar A2 will surround the meeting ends of the hubA and the disk F' to prevent access of dust to the bearings.' The motor within the casing E is provided with a vertical driving-shaft E', which prowhich antifriction-balls o: are,

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motor-shaft C2 revolves the beam A'will be` jects downwardly from ksaid motor and is provided at its lower end with a sprocket-Wheel E2, which is connected" by a sprocket-chain E3 with the iiXed sprocket-gearF on the stand l/Vith this construction when the i the globeD kstands directlyr over thebearing i f yA3 of said spindle.

secured a sprocket-.wheel VG* just above the `said prior patent.

To said spindle is rigidly upper surface of the beam A, and ar similar wheel B3 of equal size is rigidly secured upon the upper end of the vertical spindle Band in the same plane with the gear t". Said gear B3 is rigidly attached to the shaft B2 of the standard B, it being held in place by means of a set-screw passing through the hubKV thereof and imprnging on. the shaft, as shown.V

A sprocket-,chain B5 connects the sprocket wheels B3 and G and causes the latter to rotate relatively tothe frame Aras said frame 'upon the upper end g of they spindle G, buty is connected by a suitable ratchet mechanism with a toothed gear C, which is mounted upon the spindle so as to rotate independently thereof, said ratchet mechanism including a ratchet-wheel C2, secured xedly to the toothed vgear C', and a suitable pawl (not shown) attached to the globe and engaging said ratchet, said pawl permitting said globe to be rotated in a direction the reverse of its proper movement relatively to said gear C', but held rigid with respect to said gear in the opposite direction. with a surrounding circular toothed rack ll, which is preferably made somewhat conical in shape, so that the teeth 71, thereof will extend parallel to the axis of the gear at the moment of their enga-gement therewith. The rack H is arranged concentric with the bearing A3 of the spindle G and surrounds the lower portion of said globe. Said rack is herein shown as supported by pins or posts H', resting upon the adjacent outer end of the beam A. With this construction the relative rotation of the wheel G and the spindle G with relation to the beam A as the latter revolves upon the standard B will cause the gear C/ to travel around the interior of the rack H and produce a rotation of said gear and of the globe attached thereto, as in my The bearing A3 for the lower end of the spindle G is herein shown as including a suitable bearing-aperture in the beam A, through which the lower end g of the Said gear C intermeshesV spindle is passed', and a pivot-screw ci, carried by a .suitable sleeveA-, upon the point `of which screw the lower end of said spindle rests, said construction'beingsimilar to that f f shown in my prior patent aboveinentioned.

Said' screw-is secured against displacement by means of a jam-nut a2. n

BG designates a disk yor plate which is attachedto the upper end of the shaft B2 by means of a setscrew B4, said plate being 'sep'a-r rated from the sprocket-wheel by means of a f f suitable washer l?. r`Said plate will be gradu- 'atednpon itsfupper faccio form a dial marked to indicate the four seasons'of the' year-spring,-summeigautumn, and win terreadily released or removed kwhen it is desired to change its relative position tothe globey U and without the necessity of'disturbing the relation ofthe sprocketchain B5 tothe Wheel B3. A pointer Asupported' from the beam A by means of a vertical post A, is provided, which isadapted tofcoperate with the said dial' to indicate the different positions of Y ythe globe in its rotation about the'axis ofthe Vsupport B. f f

At the opposite endet Lthe beam A from the globe C is provided a standard I, upon which is supported a plurality of concentric rings I', as shown in my prior patent,.No. 457,487, granted yto meon the llth day of August, 1391. rIn said rings are iixed'three sets of wires t' fr i?, which are arranged concentric with the axis of said rings, said wires representing three concentric cylinders of suns rays which strike three different zones on the earth globe corresponding with the rays of torrid, temperate, and frigid effect.

As a further and separate improvement I have provided for use in connection with tellurians of the general character described a second spherical shell or frame which surrounds said globe and designed for the pur pose of indicating the positions of the celestial meridian, parallels, tbc., With respect to their radial relations on the inner or earth globe. As herein shown, said outer part consists-of a continuous transparent spherical shell concentric with the globe and arranged to rotate on an axis inclined to the earths axis. Said outer 0r celestial shell may be provided with exterior lines indicating the its aXis once in each revolution of the earthin opposite direction to the earths rotation, whereby the pole-star of the celestial sphere is maintained in its .proper relative position to the north pole of the vterrestrial globe. Said outer shell (designated by D) is-made of IOC IlO

sii-1,608

a transparent material or meshed framework, whereby the outlines on the inner or terrestrial globe may be visible therethrough, cellnloid, glass, or tine wire being a suitable material for this purpose. Said shell will preferably be made of two parts or hemispheres joined on vertical meeting-lines, as shown in Figs. l and 2, and secured rigidly together by any suitable means permitting the same to be readily separated and removed. The means for supporting said outer or celestial shell in' place over the inner or terrestrial globe are made as follows:

D' D2 designate curved strips, which are at-v tached at their lower ends to the circular rack H and pass upwardly outside of the inner globe and are joined at their upper ends verl[ ically above the bearing A3 of the spindle G. The strips D' D' are arranged at the side of the globe C Vwith relation to the otherA parts of the apparatus and in the same plane,while the stripD2 is arranged at the rear of the globe and in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the-strips D'. Said strip D' maybe made from a single half-circular piece, if desired, and attached at its opposite ends to the opposite sides of the rack H. Said strips are rigidly joined above the globe C by means of a trifurcated plate D3, as shown in Fig.. 4. The strips connected as described constitute an arched frame upon which the outer shell is supported over the inner globe, said frame being located in the completed apparatus between the inner globe and shell. The means for connecting said frame with the outer shell are made as follows:

D4 designates a vertical spindle which` passes upwardly through and has rotative engagement with angapertnre d in the framestripsD and connecting-plate D3. Said spindie is provided above said connecting-plate with a washer D5, which is limited in 4its Y downward movement thereon by a shoulder,

as shown. D6 designates 'a second washer located above the washer D5 and adapted to coperate'with the latter to clamp' the meeting edges of the hemispheres of the spherical shell D at the upper portion thereof, said washers being clamped together by means of a screw-bolt D7, which has screw-threaded engagement with an axial aperture in the spindle D4. The clam pin g-faces of the washers D5 D9 are made spherical to correspond with the curvature' of the shell D. Additional fastening means inay-be provided at the sidesof `the shell to prevent accidental separation of the same. The adjacent faces of the plate D3 and washer D5 are dat and lie in parallel horizontal planes and form the bearing between the supporting-frame and shell, upon which the latter is supported and turns. An antifriction-bearing of suitable construction may, however, be substituted, if found desirable, for the dat or shoulder bearing shown.l The lower portion of said shell is cnt away in a horizontal plane and is arranged with its lower edge outside of the The means herein shown for rotating the outer shell upon its axis consists of a curved actuating-arm DS, located between the inner globe G and the frame-'strips D D2 and connected at one end with the rotative spindle D4 (to which the globe is clamped, as before explained) and at its other end with the upper end of the spindle G. Said spindle D4is extended slightly inside of the'frame-strips, with which it has rotative Ybearing and is non-rotatively connected with theupperend of said actuating-arm, as most clearly shown in Fig. 3. A washer is interposed between the upper end of said arm and the framestrips D' D2, so as to hold said bar out of contact with the frame members in its movement around the same. The lower end of said actuating-arm is bifurcated and fits over the spindleG, whereby motion ot' the'spindle is communicated to the bar and therethrough to the outer or celestial globe. Vl/Vith this construction it will be obvious that as the upper end of the spindle G is moved about the circular rack it will cause the actuating-arm Ds to move in a circular path about the inner or terrestrial globe, which, owing toits rigid connection with the spindle D4, will cause the outer shell to rotate on its axis in a direction the reverse to that'of the terrestrial globe.A ,l Y i vThe line c indicates the equator on' the inner` or terrestrial globe, the lines c' the meridians, and the lines c2 the parallels thereon.v

The celestial sphere or shell is provided with ytwo sets of cordinates, the base of one being aline d3, which is located in the plane of the terrestrial, equator, and the base ofthe other being a curved line d4, corresponding with the circle or the ecliptic d5 d designate lines representing the meridians and parallels, re-

spectively, of the equatorial system of cordinates, and d7 dsdesignate lines representing the meridians and parallels,respectively, of

the ecliptical systernof coordinates. The dif-` ferentilines of the celestial sphere orvshell mentioned may be made permanent br the shell made plain, whereon the lines maybe inscribed at pleasure, and one or both sets'of coordinates may be employed at the same time. as desired. 'Furthermore, instead of providing a surrounding shell upon which the lines representing the coordinates ymay 4be inscribed I may provide a spherical reticulatedfranie the vparts of whichmayrepresentr the'lines of a system or systems ofoordihates.

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The astrotellurian is devised for the purpose of presenting to the mind the radial relations of the universe to the earth at any time Ot' the year, whereby the stars or their constellations may be considered as though the point of observation were located beyond the visible stellar system, locating its parts by the celestial latitude and longitude and using the earth and its orbit as a position or basis for reference.

I claim as my invention- 1. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a globe which represents the earth, means for giving motion to the same to represent the annual and diurnal movements of the earth, and a spherical shell or frame surrounding said globe which represents the celestial sphere, and means for giving relative motion to said globe and shell to correspond to the real and apparent motions of the earth and celestial sphere.

2. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a globe representing the earth, driving means for giving motion to the same to imitate the annual and diurnal movements of the earth, and a shell surrounding said vlirst-mentioned globe and representing the celestial sphere, said shell being connected with said driving means.

3. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a globe representing the earth, and a shell surrounding the same and representing the celestial sphere, said shell being provided with two systems of coordinates, the bases of which are located in the planes of the terrestrial equator and of the ecliptic, res pectively.

4:. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a rotating frame and a globe mounted on one end thereof representing the earth, of a shell surrounding said irst-mentioned globe and representing the celestial sphere, and a supporting-frame for said shell, said supporting-frame being located between the globe and shell and secured at the lower end thereof to said rotating frame. y

5. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a rotating frame, and a globe on one end thereof representing the earth, of a shell surrounding said first-mentioned globe and representing the celestial sphere, and a frame for holding said shell in place comprising a plurality of curved strips attached at their lower ends to said rotating` frame and intersecting and connected together at their upper ends, and a spindle attached to said shell and having rotative engagement with said supporting-frame.

6. In an astral tellurian, the combination of a globe which represents the earth, means for giving motion to the same to represent the annual and diurnal motions of the earth, and a spherical shell surrounding the globe Which represents the celestial sphere; said shell consistin g of two detachably-united hemispheres, and means for giving relative motion to the globe and shell to correspond with the real and apparent motions of the earth and celestial sphere respectively.

7. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a rotating frame, a globe on said :frame representing the earth, of a shell surrounding the irst-mentioned globe and representing the celestial spl1ere,ineans forsupportin g said shell consisting of a frame mounted on said rotating frame and extending between said globe and shell, said frame being provided at its upper end with a bearing, a spindle attached to the upper side of said shell and rotatively engaging said bearing, and an actuating-arm non-rotatively connected at its upper end with said spindle and at its lower end with the driving means for the globe.

8. In an astrotellurian, the combination with a rotating frame, aglobe on said frame representing the earth, of a shell surrounding the first-mentioned globe and representing the celestial sphere, means for supporting said shell in position, comprisinga frame mounted on said rotating frame and provided in its upper part witha bearing,a spindle rotatively engaging said bearing, clamping means on said spindle engaging said shell, and means for rotating said spindle.

9. An astrotellurian comprising a supportin g-standard, a rotary f rame pivotally mounted on said standard, a motor on said frame provided with a sprocket wheel, a iixed sprocket-wheel on the standard, a sprocketchain connecting the two Wheels, a rotary shaft on `the frame provided with a sprocketwheel, a second stationary sprocket-wheel, a sprocket-chain connecting the two last-mentioned sprocket wheels, a globe rotativel y mounted on said rotary shaft, a shell surrounding said first-mentioned globeand arranged to rotate on an axis independent of the axis of the inner globe,vand means for rotating said shell from the said rotary shaft.

l0. A tellurian, comprising a supportingstandard, a frame provided with a depending hub supported upon said standard, a pivotshaft in the upper end of said standard extending upwardly through said hub, antifriction-bearings between said hub and standard, a motor on said frame provided with a sprocket-wheel, a tixed sprocket-wheel on the standard, a sprocket-chain connecting the two wheels, a rotary shaft on the frame provided with a sprocket-wheel, a second stationary sprocket-wheel on the upper end of said pivot- IOO IIO

rotation of said globe, and means for rotating l said shell from said rotary shaft.

ll. A tellurian, comprising a supportingstandard, a frame pivotally mounted on said standard, the upper end of the standard projecting through said frame, a motor on one end of the frame provided with a sprocket- Wheel, a. stationary sprocket Wheel on the removed without disturbing said wheel, sindv standard, asprookei-chain eonnectingi-hetwo a pointer on the frame adjacent to said dial. wheels, a globe-carrying spindle at the end of In testimony that I claim theforegoing as' the frame opposite to the motor, a sprooket-v myinvention Iefxmysignature, in presence -15 5 gear rgidly'seoured to saiispindle, asmtionof two Witnesses, this 26th day of September,

sproekeb-gar attached to the upper end A. D. 1898. o the stan zu asprooket-ehain connecting l l, said last-mentioned sprocket-Wheels, a, dial COLUMBUS A' BOWSHER for indicating the seasons of the year attached Witnesses:

1o to the upper end of the shaft above and sepa- WILLIAM L. HALL,

x'nteiy from the sprocket, whereby it may be C. W. HILLS. 

